Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

Showing 409432 of 514 articles for loan

Forum Shopping and Foreclosure: Navigating Jurisdictional Boundaries in Mortgage Disputes

When properties in different provinces are foreclosed, filing separate suits to stop each sale is not forum shopping. The Supreme Court explains why.

Liability Beyond Corporate Veil: Solidary Obligations in Loan Agreements

When officers sign loan documents personally, they become solidarily liable with the corporation. Learn the rules from this Philippine Supreme Court case.

Equitable Mortgages Have No Redemption Right in Judicial Foreclosure for Private Mortgagees

In a judicial foreclosure of an equitable mortgage by a private lender, the mortgagor has no right of redemption after confirmation of sale.

Compulsory vs Permissive Counterclaims: When Court Fees Are Not Required in Loan Disputes

Learn when a counterclaim in a loan dispute is compulsory and exempt from docket fees, based on a 2003 Supreme Court ruling.

Ejectment and Land Ownership: When a Titleholder's Right to Possession Prevails

Unlawful detainer cases focus on possession, not ownership. A Torrens title is conclusive proof of ownership and cannot be collaterally attacked.

Checks AS Guarantee Lagman VS People When A Bounced Check Becomes A Crime

The Supreme Court clarifies when a check issued as a guarantee, not payment, falls under the Bouncing Checks Law.

Judicial Accountability and the Good Faith Defense Against Unjust Judgment Charges

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies that judges cannot be held administratively liable for erroneous rulings made in good faith, absent malice or bad faith.

Foreclosure Sales: Strict Compliance With Publication Requirements

When a postponed foreclosure sale proceeds without republication of notice, the sale is void. Learn the rules from Ouano v. Court of Appeals.

Mortgage Foreclosure Estoppel Prevents Claimants From Denying Prior Actions

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on how estoppel bars property claimants from questioning a mortgage foreclosure after prior inconsistent acts.

Optional Retirement Rights and Labor Tribunals' Limits in Illegal Dismissal Cases

Supreme Court clarifies optional retirement requires explicit employee consent, and labor tribunals lack jurisdiction over tax refund claims.

Contractual Obligations Prevail: Bank's Right to Offset Debts Despite Trustee-Beneficiary Claims

Supreme Court ruling on when a bank may validly apply a borrower's funds to settle debts, even amid trustee-beneficiary claims.

Attorney Misappropriation of Client Funds: Fiduciary Duty and Ethical Obligations of Lawyers

When a lawyer mishandles client money, the Supreme Court does not take it lightly. Learn the ethical rules and consequences.

Breach of Contract in Property Sales: Rights, Interest, and Damages Under Philippine Law

A Philippine Supreme Court ruling on unpaid property sale balances clarifies when nominal damages, attorney's fees, and 12% interest apply.

Checks as Guarantee in Loan Agreements: No Estafa Without Deceit

Supreme Court clarifies that postdated checks as loan guarantees do not constitute estafa absent proof of fraud or deceit.

Upholding Mortgage Foreclosure Waiver and Estoppel in Property Redemption

A mortgagor who attempts to redeem foreclosed property waives defects in the foreclosure sale and is estopped from later challenging its validity.

Adverse Claims and Good Faith: Protecting Mortgage Interests in Property Transfers

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on how adverse claims and buyer good faith affect mortgage rights in property transfers.

Usury Law Suspension, Freedom to Contract, and Unconscionable Interest Rates in Loan Agreements

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on whether courts can reduce interest rates agreed upon by parties after the Usury Law suspension.

Loan or Partnership: Supreme Court on Novation and Acknowledgment Receipts

When does a loan become a partnership contribution? The Supreme Court clarifies novation, acknowledgment receipts, and payment application rules.

Court Employees' Private Misconduct: When Personal Dealings Undermine Public Trust

A Supreme Court ruling reminds court employees that honesty and integrity are required even in their personal and private dealings.

Usurious Loans and Mortgage Validity When Interest Exceeds Legal Limits in the Philippines

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on usurious loans: when hidden interest voids a mortgage and what borrowers and lenders should know.

When Do Labor Tribunals Have Jurisdiction Over Employer Claims? Esico v. Alphaland

The Supreme Court clarifies when labor tribunals, not regular courts, hear employer claims for damages arising from an employee's resignation.

Piercing the Corporate Veil: When Does a Corporation Assume Another's Debt

The Supreme Court clarifies when a corporation may be held liable for another company's debts, and when the corporate veil cannot be pierced.

Piercing the Corporate Veil: When a Bank Isn't Liable for a Foreclosed Firm's Debts

PNB acquired PASUMIL's foreclosed assets but wasn't liable for its debts. The Supreme Court explains when corporate veil piercing applies.

Residential vs Agricultural Land: Resolving Land Use Classification and Tenant Rights

Supreme Court clarifies when land is residential and exempt from agrarian reform, plus the rules on irrevocable agency coupled with interest.