Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

Showing 2548 of 94 articles for authorized cause

Probationary Employment Standards: When Vague Job Rules Lead to Illegal Dismissal

The Supreme Court clarifies when vague probationary standards make an employee regular, and the consequences for employers who fail to set clear job expectations.

Illegal Dismissal and Union Busting: What SPC Power v. Santos Teaches Employers

The Supreme Court explains when dismissal becomes illegal, focusing on union busting and the employer's burden of proof in termination cases.

Understanding Illegal Dismissal When Mistakes Dont Justify Firing

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies when retrenchment is illegal dismissal, requiring proof of losses and fair selection criteria.

Understanding Constructive Dismissal When Preventive Suspension Becomes Unlawful Termination

The Supreme Court clarifies when a reduced work assignment is valid management prerogative and when a subsequent dismissal becomes illegal.

Due Process in Termination: Ensuring Fair Dismissal Under Philippine Labor Law

Learn the rules for valid dismissal in the Philippines—substantive and procedural due process, and what happens when employers fail to comply.

Illegal Dismissal: Probable Cause Alone Does Not Justify Termination

Supreme Court clarifies that probable cause for qualified theft does not automatically justify an employee's dismissal; substantial evidence is required.

Due Process and Employee Dismissal: Balancing Rights and Employer Authority in the Philippines

The Supreme Court clarifies the twin-notice rule in dismissals and when a flawed procedure still yields a valid termination.

Verbal Agreements vs Written Contracts: When a Lease or Workplace Transfer Can Be Modified

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on when verbal notices and transfer orders are invalid, protecting employee security of tenure.

Regular vs Project Employment: Employer Must Prove Employee Status at Hiring

Supreme Court clarifies that employers bear the burden of proving project employment status, requiring clear notice at the time of hiring.

Regular vs Project Employment: What the Supreme Court Requires of Employers

A 2019 Supreme Court ruling clarifies when construction workers are regular employees, not project employees, and what employers must prove.

Project vs Regular Employment: Security of Tenure and Employee Rights in the Philippines

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies the distinction between project and regular employment, and the security of tenure rights of employees.

Regular Employment and Labor-Only Contracting: Lingat v. Coca-Cola Bottlers

Supreme Court clarifies when agency-hired workers are regular employees of the principal employer, and the limits of labor contracting.

Regular Employee Status: Distinguishing Independent Contractors From Labor-Only Contracting

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies when workers are regular employees despite agency transfers, distinguishing independent contractors from labor-only contracting.

Loss of Trust and Confidence as Just Cause: Balancing Employer Rights and Due Process in Termination Cases

The Supreme Court clarifies when loss of trust and confidence justifies dismissal, and when employers still owe employees procedural due process.

When Probationary Employment Becomes Regular: The Umali v. Hobbywing Rule

Explore when a probationary employee becomes regular by operation of law, based on the Supreme Court's ruling in Umali v. Hobbywing Solutions.

Finality of Labor Decisions: When a Seafarer's Dismissal Case Cannot Be Reopened

A seafarer's illegal dismissal case was reinstated because the employer failed to timely appeal. Learn why final judgments stick.

No Illegal Dismissal Without Proof Employee Must First Establish Dismissal Before Employers Burden Arises

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on who bears the burden of proving dismissal in illegal dismissal cases.

Abandonment Requires Clear Intent Protecting Employees From Unjust Dismissal

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies that abandonment of work requires clear intent to sever employment, not mere absence from work.

Loss of Trust and Confidence as a Ground for Dismissal: What Employers Must Prove

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies when loss of trust and confidence justifies employee dismissal and what employers must prove.

Redundancy Programs and Employee Rights: Understanding Valid Dismissals and Separation Pay

The Supreme Court clarifies the rules on valid redundancy programs, separation pay, quitclaims, and GSIS gratuity pay in PNB v. Dalmacio.

When Business Closure Is Valid: Employer Prerogative vs. Employee Security

The Supreme Court explains when a company may validly close operations and terminate employees, and how workers can challenge the closure.

Project Employment vs Regular Employment: What Philippine Law Says

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies when construction workers are project employees and not regular employees, and what this means for termination rights.

Illegal Slowdowns and Union Officer Dismissal: The Polyson Case

The Supreme Court clarifies when a work slowdown becomes an illegal strike and justifies dismissal of union officers under Philippine labor law.

Fixed-Term Employment vs Regular Employment: Security of Tenure Under the Labor Code

Explaining Oyster Plaza Hotel v. Melivo on when fixed-term and probationary workers become regular employees entitled to security of tenure.