Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

Showing 2548 of 98 articles for labor law

Constructive Dismissal and Contract Ambiguity: Lessons from Esico v. Alphaland

The Supreme Court's ruling in Esico v. Alphaland clarifies constructive dismissal claims and the consequences of ambiguous employment contracts.

Constructive Dismissal vs. Just Cause Termination: Key Supreme Court Ruling

The Supreme Court clarifies that constructive dismissal and just cause termination are incompatible, reinforcing due process and security of tenure.

Employee vs. Independent Contractor in Real Estate: The Four-Fold Test Explained

A Supreme Court ruling clarifies when real estate sales agents are employees or independent contractors, and why the distinction matters.

Illegal Dismissal and Substantial Evidence: The Padsing v. Lepanto Case

The Supreme Court’s ruling in Padsing v. Lepanto underscores that employers must prove just cause for dismissal with substantial evidence.

Regular vs. Fixed-Term Employment: Key Lessons from Site for Eyes v. Daming

The Supreme Court ruled that repeated fixed-term contracts cannot defeat regular employment status. Learn the key lessons from this landmark case.

Employer Liability for Unremitted SSS Contributions: Key Lessons from the Supreme Court

The Supreme Court clarifies employer liability for unremitted SSS contributions, damages, and penalties under the Social Security Act.

The Four-Fold Test in Philippine Labor Law: A Guide to Employment Status

Learn how the four-fold test determines employee status in the Philippines, with insights from a landmark Supreme Court ruling.

Indispensable Parties in Labor Cases: Lessons from TESDA v. Abragar

Learn why impleading all indispensable parties is critical in labor disputes, based on the Supreme Court's ruling in TESDA v. Abragar.

Promissory Estoppel in Philippine Employment: When Employer Promises Bind

A Supreme Court ruling shows how employer assurances on retirement benefits can bind companies under promissory estoppel. Learn the key lessons.

Withdrawing a Resignation: When Retraction Before Acceptance Is Valid

Can an employee retract a resignation before the employer accepts it? The Supreme Court explains the rules in Vergara v. ANZ Global Services.

Teacher Misconduct and Child Abuse: When Dismissal Is Justified in the Philippines

When does teacher misconduct justify dismissal? The Supreme Court clarifies the limits of compassionate justice in child abuse cases.

Proving Illegal Dismissal: The Burden of Substantial Evidence in Philippine Labor Cases

Learn how the Supreme Court defines the employee's burden of proof in illegal dismissal cases, based on the Jarabelo ruling.

Valid Dismissal and Separation Pay: Key Lessons from a 2020 Supreme Court Ruling

A 2020 Supreme Court ruling clarifies when dismissal for willful disobedience is valid and when separation pay may—or may not—be granted.

Reinstatement in Illegal Dismissal: The Strained Relations Doctrine Explained

Illegal dismissal entitles workers to reinstatement and backwages. The strained relations doctrine is a narrow exception—learn how courts apply it.

Finality of Monetary Awards in Labor Cases: The Tan v. Dagpin Rule

Learn how the Supreme Court's Tan v. Dagpin ruling protects final labor judgments from recomputation after full payment.

Illegal Dismissal of OFWs: Full Contract Pay Upheld by Supreme Court

The Supreme Court reaffirms that illegally dismissed OFWs are entitled to their full salaries for the unexpired portion of their contracts, striking down the three-month cap.

Reassignment vs. Transfer: What Public School Teachers Should Know

The Supreme Court clarifies when a public school teacher can be reassigned without consent, and how security of tenure applies.

Executing a Labor Judgment Does Not Bar Certiorari: Due Process in Labor Disputes

Forced compliance with a writ of execution does not waive an employer's right to challenge a labor ruling via certiorari, the Supreme Court held.

AWOL and Dropping from the Rolls: Employee Rights Under Philippine Law

Learn the rules on AWOL in the Philippine civil service, including the 30-day rule, non-disciplinary separation, and employee rights.

Plagiarism in Academia: Supreme Court Upholds Dismissal of UE Professors for Misrepresentation

Supreme Court upholds dismissal of professors for plagiarism, misrepresentation, and breach of trust, clarifying stare decisis and waiver rules.

Sales Commissions Are Wages: Supreme Court Ruling on Unpaid Commissions and Unauthorized Deductions

Sales commissions are wages under Philippine law. Learn what the Supreme Court ruled on unpaid commissions and unauthorized car plan deductions.

Unauthorized Absences and Dismissal: The Medical Certificate Requirement in Philippine Labor Law

The Supreme Court upheld a dismissal for unauthorized absences, ruling that a vague medical certificate cannot excuse habitual absenteeism.

Union Dues Increase: Supreme Court Requires Strict Compliance for Agency Fees

The Supreme Court ruled that increased union agency fees require strict compliance with Labor Code approval and documentation requirements.

Illegal Slowdowns and Union Officer Dismissal: The Polyson Case

The Supreme Court clarifies when a work slowdown becomes an illegal strike and justifies dismissal of union officers under Philippine labor law.