Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

Showing 25–34 of 34 articles for “rank-and-file”

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Nov 2, 2006 labor-law retirement-benefits breach-of-trust illegal-dismissal managerial-employee supreme-court

Can an Employee Be Denied Retirement Benefits for Breach of Trust?

The Supreme Court rules on whether a bank manager validly dismissed for breach of trust can still claim retirement benefits after his compulsory retirement date had passed.

Jul 31, 2006 unfair labor practice moral damages exemplary damages illegal dismissal labor law employee rights

Unfair Labor Practice Dismissals: Employee Rights to Moral and Exemplary Damages

Supreme Court ruling on unfair labor practice dismissals, moral damages, and the rule against splitting causes of action in the Philippines.

Feb 10, 2003 illegal dismissal optional retirement labor law retirement pay jurisdiction security of tenure

Optional Retirement Rights and Labor Tribunals' Limits in Illegal Dismissal Cases

Supreme Court clarifies optional retirement requires explicit employee consent, and labor tribunals lack jurisdiction over tax refund claims.

Jan 22, 2003 labor-law union-registration certification-election labor-code supreme-court

Union Registration Validity and Challenges in Philippine Labor Context

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies that a registered union's legal personality cannot be collaterally attacked in certification election cases.

Aug 8, 2000 sexual harassment labor law substantial evidence administrative proceedings employee rights civil service

Workplace Sexual Harassment in the Philippines: Substantial Evidence and Employee Rights

Understand how the Supreme Court protects employees in sexual harassment cases, applying substantial evidence in administrative proceedings.

Nov 16, 1999 labor-law certification-election managerial-employees supervisory-employees rank-and-file union

Rank-and-File vs Managerial Employees: Key Evidence for Union Certification in the Philippines

Learn what evidence proves managerial or supervisory status in Philippine union certification elections, based on the A.D. Gothong case.

Jun 28, 1999 labor law unionization supervisory employees managerial employees certification election labor code

Managerial vs. Supervisory Employees: Unionization Rights Under Philippine Labor Law

Learn how Philippine law distinguishes managerial from supervisory employees and why misclassification can block unionization rights.

Feb 9, 1999 labor law illegal dismissal proportionality just cause progressive discipline termination

Proportionality in Employee Discipline: When Dismissal Is Too Harsh in the Philippines

Philippine labor law requires penalties to fit the offense. Learn when dismissal is disproportionate and how the Supreme Court applies this rule.

Nov 16, 1998 labor law illegal dismissal constructive dismissal voluntary resignation management prerogative nlrc

Voluntary Resignation vs. Constructive Dismissal: When Management Prerogative Is Not Harassment

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on when an employee's resignation is voluntary, and why management directives are not necessarily harassment.

Feb 19, 1997 labor law certification election supervisory employees labor unions toyota motor philippines philippine supreme court

Mixed Union Membership When Supervisors Cant Join Rank AND File Unions IN THE Philippines

Philippine Supreme Court explains why a union mixing rank-and-file and supervisory employees cannot file for certification election.