Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

Showing 97120 of 355 articles for clear and convincing evidence

Insanity Plea and Arson: When Killing Is Homicide, Not Murder, in Philippine Law

The Supreme Court explains the limits of the insanity defense, the proof needed for murder, and when arson is a separate crime.

Protecting the Vulnerable: The Duty of Moral Ascendancy in Familial Rape Cases

How the Supreme Court affirmed a father's rape conviction, explaining why moral ascendancy replaces force in incestuous abuse.

When Can Courts Interfere With Ombudsman Probable Cause Findings

The Supreme Court explains the limits of judicial review over Ombudsman probable cause findings in anti-graft cases against public officers.

Piercing the Corporate Veil: When Courts Hold Individuals Accountable for Corporate Wrongdoing

Explaining the Supreme Court's ruling in California Manufacturing v. Advanced Technology System on when courts may pierce the corporate veil and apply legal compensation.

When Attorney Negligence Doesnt Equal Extrinsic Fraud Protecting Final Judgments

The Supreme Court clarifies that a lawyer's negligence, without malice or connivance with the adverse party, does not constitute extrinsic fraud to annul final judgments.

Self-Defense and Unlawful Aggression: Proving Justifying Circumstances in Philippine Law

The Supreme Court explains what it takes to prove self-defense and defense of relatives under Article 11 of the Revised Penal Code.

Valid Consignation Demands Strict Compliance With Legal Requirements

Learn when depositing rent in a bank account is not valid consignation, and what the law requires for debt payment.

Dismissal of Administrative Complaints Upholding the Presumption of Regularity in the Judiciary

The Supreme Court dismisses an administrative complaint against court officials, reaffirming the presumption of regularity in the performance of official duties.

Overcoming Title Presumptions: The Imperative of Clear and Convincing Evidence in Land Disputes

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on why clear and convincing evidence is required to overturn a free patent and certificate of title.

Insanity as a Defense: Establishing Mental Incapacity in Criminal Proceedings

Understanding how Philippine courts assess insanity as a defense and what evidence is needed to establish mental incapacity in criminal cases.

Eyewitness Testimony and Treachery: Conviction for Murder Upheld by Supreme Court

A look at how positive eyewitness identification and treachery established guilt beyond reasonable doubt in a murder case.

Falsification of Public Documents: When Reasonable Doubt Leads to Acquittal

A mayor was acquitted of falsifying marriage certificates when the prosecution failed to prove beyond reasonable doubt that he did not solemnize the weddings.

When a Lawyer Buys a Client's Property: The Business Deal Exception

The Supreme Court clarifies when a lawyer's purchase of a client's property is a valid business deal, not a breach of professional ethics.

Due Process in Club Membership Suspensions: The Ching v. QCSC Ruling

When can a club suspend a member without a hearing? The Supreme Court clarifies due process rules in Ching v. Quezon City Sports Club.

Work-Related Illness and Causation in Seafarer Disability Claims: Key Lessons

Learn how Philippine courts decide seafarer disability claims, focusing on work-related illness, causation, and the POEA standard of proof.

Illegal Slowdowns and Union Officer Dismissal: The Polyson Case

The Supreme Court clarifies when a work slowdown becomes an illegal strike and justifies dismissal of union officers under Philippine labor law.

When a Spouse's Consent Is Missing: Void Mortgages and Conjugal Liability

A mortgage on conjugal property without the other spouse's consent is void, but the loan itself may still bind the family.

Substantiation of Tax Deductions: Proper Documentation Under Philippine Tax Law

Philippine law requires proper documentation for tax deductions, including PWD discounts. Learn the rules and substantiation requirements.

Mining Rights vs. Indigenous Peoples: Exhaustion of Remedies and Grave Abuse of Discretion

The Supreme Court in Alecha v. Atienza underscores the exhaustion doctrine and limits of grave abuse of discretion in mining disputes.

Treachery Defined: How Sudden Attacks Qualify as Murder in Philippine Law

The Supreme Court explains treachery as a qualifying circumstance for murder, using a sudden shooting as a clear example of the rule.

Reconstitution of Land Titles: Proving Prior Existence Under RA 26

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on reconstitution of lost titles: proof of prior issuance is required under RA 26, not just a decree.

Demolition and Due Process: Balancing Property Rights and Public Projects in the Philippines

The Supreme Court clarifies when demolitions may proceed without a court order under RA 7279, using the BCDA JUSMAG case.

Incomplete Self-Defense: When a Knife Is Not a Reasonable Means in Homicide Cases

The Supreme Court explains when a knife against a belt buckle fails the "reasonable necessity" test for incomplete self-defense in homicide.

Illegal Dismissal: PAL's Duty to Prove Valid Retrenchment Explained

Philippine Airlines failed to prove valid retrenchment, making employee dismissals illegal. Learn the burden of proof employers must meet.