Legal Insights
Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.
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Trust Receipt vs. Loan: When a Security Agreement Becomes a Debt
Philippine Supreme Court ruling clarifies when a trust receipt arrangement is actually a loan, affecting liability and criminal exposure.
When Judges Owe Debts: Accountability for Willful Failure to Pay Just Debts
The Supreme Court holds judges accountable for unpaid personal debts, ruling that willful failure to pay a just debt is serious misconduct.
Retirement Benefits: Reconciling Prior Obligations With Employee Entitlements
A Supreme Court ruling clarifies how retirement pay is computed when employees were retrenched, rehired, and had prior debts to the employer.
Accommodation Party Liability: Personal Checks for Corporate Debt
When a corporate officer issues personal checks for a company loan, they may be personally liable as an accommodation party under Philippine law.
Credit Card Obligations Without Signed Agreements: When Interest Rates Bind
Supreme Court rules on credit card debt when no signed agreement exists, and when interest charges may be unenforceable.
Payment to Authorized Agent Extinguishes Debt Even After Contract Termination
Philippine Supreme Court ruling on when payment to an authorized agent extinguishes a debtor's obligation, and how courts treat issues tried with implied consent.
Trust Receipts vs Ordinary Loans: When Debt Restructuring Does Not Erase Criminal Liability
Philippine National Bank v. Soriano clarifies when restructuring a trust receipt loan does not extinguish criminal liability for estafa under PD 115.
Failure to Pay Just Debts: Court Employee Reprimanded for Unethical Conduct
A court clerk's four-year delay in paying a loan draws a reprimand, underscoring ethical duties of judiciary personnel.
Compromise Offers and Debt Obligations: When Words Don't Bind Lawyers
A lawyer's compromise offer in a debt dispute can imply guilt. Learn the ethical rules and prescription rules for lawyer discipline.
Court Employees and Financial Obligations: Ethics Beyond the Courtroom
A Supreme Court ruling reminds court employees that personal debts and conduct reflect on the judiciary's integrity and honor.
Personal Liability of Corporate Officers: When Are They Responsible for Company Debts
Philippine Supreme Court clarifies when corporate officers and directors can be held personally liable for corporate obligations and debts.
Levy on Mortgaged Property in the Philippines: Sheriff's Duties Explained
Philippine Supreme Court clarifies that sheriffs may levy mortgaged properties to satisfy judgments, as debtors retain beneficial ownership until foreclosure.
Solidary Liability of Sureties: Understanding Your Obligations in Philippine Law
Philippine Supreme Court clarifies that sureties solidarity liable with a debtor cannot use corporate rehabilitation stay orders to delay or avoid payment obligations.
Piercing the Corporate Veil: When Stockholders Become Liable for Corporate Debts in the Philippines
Philippine Supreme Court clarifies when stockholders may be held personally liable for corporate debts, including unpaid subscriptions and the trust fund doctrine.
Unjust Enrichment Prevails Recovering Debt Despite Mortgage Technicalities
Conjugal Property and a Spouse's Debts: What the Dewara Case Teaches
Learn when conjugal property can be used to pay one spouse's debts, fines, or indemnities under Philippine law.
Protecting Marital Assets When Corporate Debt Cannot Seize Family Property
Supreme Court ruling on when corporate debts cannot reach family property, and the proper remedy for third-party claims in labor execution.
Reimbursement Rights When a Payor Can Recover Debt Paid on Another's Behalf
When can a co-maker recover payment made on a debtor's loan? The Supreme Court explains Article 1236 reimbursement rules.
Continuing Security: How Future Debts Can Affect Real Estate Mortgages in the Philippines
The Supreme Court explains how a real estate mortgage can secure future loans, not just the original debt, through continuing guaranty clauses.
Willful Failure to Pay Just Debts Is Conduct Unbecoming a Court Employee
Court employees must pay just debts; willful non-payment is conduct unbecoming, even if the debt is later settled.
When Court Employees Owe Debts: Administrative Liability for Unpaid Obligations
A court process server who failed to pay a just debt for seven years was fined for conduct unbecoming, showing that public office demands high ethical standards.
When Court Employees Owe Debts: Willful Failure to Pay and Conduct Unbecoming
A court process server's seven-year unpaid debt leads to administrative liability. Learn the rules on willful failure to pay just debts.
Attorney Disbarment for Non-Payment of Debts: Ethical Standards in the Philippine Legal Profession
Philippine Supreme Court affirms gross misconduct finding against lawyer for unpaid debts, clarifying limits on double disbarment.
Disbarment for Abuse of Legal Processes: Protecting Clients and the Justice System
A lawyer's failure to pay just debts is gross misconduct. The Supreme Court affirms disbarment for habitual non-payment and deceit.