Legal Insights
Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.
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Seller Obligations Under the Internet Transactions Act of 2023
Learn the seller obligations under the Internet Transactions Act of 2023, from price disclosure to delivery, invoices, and redress mechanisms in the Philippines.
Minimum Wage Compliance: Employers Bear the Burden of Proof in Labor Disputes
Employers must prove wage payments in labor disputes. Learn how the Supreme Court applied this rule in a delivery helper's underpayment case.
Constructive Delivery in Property Sales: What the Tamayao Case Teaches Buyers
A notarized deed can transfer ownership, but registration is key. The Tamayao case shows why due diligence matters in Philippine property sales.
Proving Debt With Delivery Receipts: Preponderance of Evidence in Commercial Cases
Learn how delivery receipts and bills of lading can prove unpaid commercial debts under the preponderance of evidence rule.
Delivery vs Sale in Drug Cases: When a Courier Becomes a Seller
The Supreme Court clarifies the distinction between illegal sale and illegal delivery of dangerous drugs under RA 9165, and the importance of consideration.
Negotiable Instruments and the Presumption of Delivery: Protecting Payees’ Rights
The Supreme Court clarifies that dismissal for lack of cause of action requires trial, and that delivery of negotiable instruments is presumed under Section 16 of the NIL.
Forged Endorsements and the Presumption of Delivery in Negotiable Instruments
A look at Asia Brewery v. Equitable PCI Bank on the presumption of delivery and when courts may dismiss for lack of cause of action.
Supreme Court: A Signed Check Creates a Presumption of Debt Even Without Written Contract
The Supreme Court rules that a signed, dishonored check is enough to prove an obligation, even without a written contract or delivery receipts.
Contractual Obligations Enforcing Clean Title Delivery Despite Third Party Claims
Bill of Lading and Carrier Liability: When Delivery Without Surrender Is Allowed
Philippine Supreme Court clarifies when a carrier may release goods without the original bill of lading, and why the seller's unpaid claim lies against the buyer, not the carrier.
Accountability in Public Service: The Duty to Ensure Proper Delivery of Government Resources
Supreme Court affirms conviction of a city official for ghost delivery of equipment under Section 3(e) of the Anti-Graft Law.
Beyond the Sale: Illegal Delivery of Drugs Under Philippine Law
The Supreme Court clarifies that handing over drugs without payment is illegal delivery under RA 9165, not mere possession.
Arrastre Operator Liability: Proving Delivery Diligence in Cargo Claims
When is an arrastre operator liable for missing cargo? The Supreme Court clarifies the burden of proof and the effect of signed gate passes.
Buyers Right Prevails Enforcing Title Delivery IN Subdivision Sales
Supreme Court rules subdivision buyers who fully paid can compel title delivery despite later transfers to third parties.
Unproven Claims When Government Contracts Lack Evidence Of Delivery
Supreme Court affirms COA denial of P63M textbook claim for lack of proof of delivery and appropriation.
Distinguishing Illegal Sale From Illegal Delivery of Dangerous Drugs Under Philippine Law
The Supreme Court clarifies the elements of illegal sale of dangerous drugs under RA 9165 and why sale, not mere delivery, was proven in this buy-bust case.
Delivery Disputes When Actions Speak Louder Than Words in Sales Contracts
When a buyer acts like the goods are theirs, Philippine law may treat that as acceptance—even if delivery paperwork is imperfect.
Physician's Duty in Childbirth: Grave Misconduct for Negligent Delivery
Supreme Court affirms dismissal of government doctor for grave misconduct in childbirth, holding physicians must personally attend high-risk deliveries.
Breach of Contract Remedies for Condominium Delivery Delays in the Philippines
Learn how Philippine law protects condominium buyers when developers delay delivery, including refund rights and interest rules under PD 957.
Illegal Delivery vs Illegal Possession: Key Distinctions in Drug Cases
Philippine Supreme Court clarifies the difference between illegal delivery and illegal possession of dangerous drugs under RA 9165.
Breach of Contract in Sales: Who Bears Liability for Non-Delivery and Refused Goods
Philippine Supreme Court clarifies liability when a buyer refuses delivery and a seller fails to deliver, with damages computed.
Stock Certificate Delivery: A Prerequisite for Valid Stock Transfer in the Philippines
Philippine Supreme Court ruling on why physical delivery of stock certificates is essential to transfer ownership and what it means for buyers and sellers.
When a Drug Sale Isn't a Sale: Payment Must Be Completed for Conviction
The Supreme Court clarifies that illegal drug sale requires actual payment, not just delivery. Learn the key elements and why possession still leads to conviction.
Proving Delivery and Payment in a Contract of Sale: Lessons from Asian Construction v. Mendoza
A seller need not attach invoices to a complaint, but must prove delivery. Learn the rules from a 2012 Supreme Court ruling.