Legal Insights
Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.
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Finality of Judgments: Why the CIR's Appeal in CIR v. Script2010, Inc. Was Denied
The Supreme Court denied the CIR's appeal in CIR v. Script2010, Inc., reaffirming that final and executory judgments can no longer be disturbed.
Supreme Court Clarifies Just Compensation Payment and COA's Role in Expropriation
Final and executory just compensation awards need no prior COA approval; payment is now subject to post-audit only.
Final and Executory Judgments: The Doctrine of Immutability in Philippine Courts
Once a judgment becomes final and executory, courts cannot revisit it. Learn the doctrine of immutability, its exceptions, and key lessons from a recent Supreme Court ruling.
Final and Executory Judgments vs. COA: The Cathay Pacific Steel Case
When a court decision becomes final, can the COA still deny the money claim? The Supreme Court settles this in Cathay Pacific Steel v. COA.
When Does an NLRC Reinstatement Order Become Enforceable? Key Lessons from Concordo v. Erjohn & Almark Transit
The Supreme Court clarifies when an NLRC reinstatement order becomes final and executory, and the reckoning point for accrued backwages.
Finality of Judgment in Agrarian Cases: Why the Wrong Remedy Can Be Fatal
A landowner who used the wrong remedy in an agrarian compensation dispute lost his case when the PARO decision became final and executory.
Writ of Possession in Philippine Foreclosures: Finality and the Lessons from HH & Co. v. Perlas
Learn when a writ of possession becomes final and executory in Philippine foreclosures, and why courts rarely recall it, based on HH & Co. v. Perlas.
Finality of Judgments: Why Procedural Rules Matter in Philippine Litigation
A Supreme Court ruling on how improper service of a motion for reconsideration can make a judgment final and executory, barring recovery.
Mootness Doctrine: When Final Judgments Render Procedural Issues Irrelevant
Philippine Supreme Court explains how a final and executory judgment in the main case makes procedural disputes moot and academic.
When BIR Assessments Become Final: Why Taxpayers Must Act on Unchallenged Notices
Understand why unchallenged BIR assessments become final and executory, and what taxpayers must do to protect their rights.
Judicial Approval Makes Compromise Agreements Final and Executory
A compromise agreement approved by the court becomes a final judgment. Annulment is limited to Rule 47 remedies.
Land Conversion Disputes and the Finality of Agrarian Reform Decisions
The Supreme Court affirms that final and executory DAR conversion orders may no longer be questioned, especially on issues first raised on appeal.
Certiorari and Finality: When Courts Can Still Modify NLRC Decisions
The Supreme Court clarifies that a timely Rule 65 petition prevents an NLRC decision from becoming final and executory, allowing appellate modification.
Final and Executory Labor Decisions Cannot Be Reopened on Grounds of Counsel Negligence
Supreme Court rules final labor arbiter decisions stand despite counsel negligence, explaining appeal bond rules and finality of judgments.
When a Final Judgment Can Be Recalled: Void Judgments and Judicial Accountability
A judge who recalled a final and executory judgment was cleared of administrative liability because the judgment was void and its execution would have been unjust.
Finality Prevails: Enforcing Court Decisions Despite Technicalities in Land Disputes
Philippine Supreme Court ruling on finality of judgments in land disputes, explaining why technicalities cannot defeat a final and executory decision.
Perfecting Appeals: Strict Compliance With Bond Requirements in Labor Disputes
Learn why the Supreme Court requires strict compliance with appeal bond requirements in labor cases, and how failing to post a proper surety bond can make a judgment final and executory.
When Courts Can Correct Final Judgments: Erroneous Penalties in the Philippines
Philippine Supreme Court explains when final and executory judgments may be corrected for erroneous penalties, citing Sumbilla v. Matrix Finance.
Untangling Mortgage Disputes: Good Faith, Due Diligence, and Finality of Judgments
A Supreme Court ruling on mortgage disputes, good faith, and why final and executory judgments bind all parties.
Finality of Judgments in Mining Permit Disputes: Stability Over Relitigation
The Supreme Court affirms that final and executory decisions in mining disputes cannot be relitigated, upholding the doctrine of immutability of judgment.
Presumptive Death Declarations: Proving Well-Founded Belief and the Right Remedy on Appeal
Learn the rules on judicial declaration of presumptive death under Article 41 of the Family Code, including the required proof and why such rulings are immediately final and executory.
Upholding Judicial Integrity: Dismissal for Gross Ignorance of the Law in Reopening Finalized Criminal Cases
A judge's dismissal for reopening a final and executory criminal case, and the duty of courts to respect finality of judgment.
Judge Dismissed for Gross Ignorance of Law in Reversing Final Order
Supreme Court dismisses judge who reversed a final and executory order, reaffirming the immutability of final judgments in Philippine courts.
Gross Ignorance of the Law: When Judges Overstep Final Judgments
A judge's motu proprio reversal of a final and executory order leads to dismissal for gross ignorance of the law in this administrative case.