Legal Insights
Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.
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Corporate Dissolution Directors As Trustees and Guarantor Liability After Corporate Revocation
Explains Reyes v. Bancom: corporate revocation doesn't abate suits, directors act as trustees, and guarantors remain liable.
Guarantor's Defense of Excussion: What the Supreme Court Requires
Explaining the benefit of excussion for guarantors under Philippine law, based on the Supreme Court's ruling in Bitanga v. Pyramid Construction.
When Silence Means Consent: Guaranty, Estoppel, and the Written Word in Philippine Law
A guarantor's silence and nod can mean consent. The Supreme Court explains estoppel and why written words prevail over printed ones.
Implied Consent in Guaranty Agreements: When Silence and Conduct Affirm Liability
When does silence make someone a guarantor? The Supreme Court explains how conduct can imply consent to a guaranty agreement.
Surety vs Guarantor: Indemnity Agreement Obligations Under Philippine Law
Philippine Supreme Court clarifies when a surety becomes liable under an indemnity agreement, and the difference between sureties and guarantors.
Philippine Guaranty Law: Sureties Liable Even Without Dishonor Protest
Philippine Supreme Court ruling clarifies that guarantors and sureties remain liable on discounted export bills even without a formal protest of dishonor.
When a Guarantor Pays: Why Principal Debtors Cannot Invoke the Guarantor's Defenses
A guarantor who pays the creditor may seek reimbursement from the principal debtor, who cannot raise the guarantor's own defenses like excussion.
Surety vs Guarantor: Understanding Liability in Loan Agreements Under Philippine Law
Philippine Supreme Court clarifies the key difference between a surety and a guarantor, and why a surety cannot invoke defenses meant for the principal debtor.
Guarantors' Reimbursement Rights When Premature Payment Nullifies Recourse
When a guarantor pays before the debtor's default is established, it may lose the right to reimbursement from the principal debtor.
Guaranty vs Direct Liability: Who Pays the Debt When Loans Go South
Philippine law distinguishes guaranty from direct liability. Learn who pays when a borrower defaults and what this means for creditors and guarantors.
Upholding Surety Agreements: Corporate Debts Bind Individual Guarantors
Supreme Court ruling on when corporate officers who sign surety agreements become personally liable for corporate debts.
Partnership vs Guarantor: Who Bears Liability in a Business Venture?
Philippine Supreme Court clarifies the line between a partner and a guarantor in business, and who bears liability when the venture fails.
Loan Restructuring and Surety Release: Key Protections for Guarantors in Philippine Law
Philippine Supreme Court ruling on when loan restructuring releases a surety from liability, and what guarantors must know about their rights.
Surety vs Guarantor: Co-Maker Liability in Philippine Loans Explained
Philippine Supreme Court clarifies the difference between a surety and a guarantor in co-maker loan agreements, and when a creditor may sue one alone.