Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

Showing 124 of 25 articles for photocopies

Enforcing Foreign Arbitral Awards in the Philippines: The Authentication Requirement

Learn why authenticated arbitration agreements are jurisdictional requirements for enforcing foreign arbitral awards in Philippine courts, as ruled in Manis Shipping.

Notarizing Without a Commission: Supreme Court Discipline for Lawyers

Learn the disciplinary consequences for Philippine lawyers who notarize documents without a valid commission, based on a recent Supreme Court ruling.

Illegal Dismissal of Pregnant Employee: SPID Corp. v. Ballesteros Explained

The Supreme Court affirmed that dismissing a pregnant employee without substantial evidence is illegal, reinforcing due process in Philippine labor law.

Proving Cargo Damage Claims: Evidence Rules and Res Ipsa Loquitur

The Supreme Court clarifies the evidence needed to prove cargo damage claims and when res ipsa loquitur applies.

Estafa by Deceit in Property Sales: Lessons from Dulay v. People

The Supreme Court's ruling in Dulay v. People clarifies estafa by deceit in property transactions and the buyer's duty to verify ownership.

Double Jeopardy and Demurrer to Evidence: What People v. Baja Means for Philippine Criminal Cases

A granted demurrer to evidence is an acquittal. The Supreme Court explains why further prosecution is barred by double jeopardy.

Unlawful Detainer: Proving Prior Possession in Land Disputes

The Supreme Court clarifies how prior physical possession is proven in unlawful detainer cases, using judicial admissions and documentary evidence.

Best Evidence Rule in Disbarment Cases: Goopio v. Maglalang Explained

The Supreme Court clarifies that photocopies cannot prove lawyer misconduct, dismissing a disbarment case for violating the Best Evidence Rule.

Disbarment for Deceit and Unauthorized Notarization: Ethical Standards for Lawyers

Supreme Court affirms suspension and notarial disqualification for a lawyer who used falsified documents and notarized outside his jurisdiction.

Reconveyance Claims: Proving Ownership by Clear and Convincing Evidence

A look at Ibot v. Heirs of Tayco, where the Supreme Court clarified the burden of proof in reconveyance actions and the limits of Torrens title challenges.

Retaliatory Dismissal: Protecting Employees Who Assert Their Rights

The Supreme Court affirms that firing workers for filing labor complaints violates security of tenure and constitutes illegal dismissal.

Duplicate Originals as Evidence: When Photocopies Are Admissible in Philippine Courts

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies when duplicate originals are admissible evidence, reversing the Court of Appeals' exclusion of invoices in a collection case.

Agency and Authority: When a Deed Does Not Mean a Done Deal in Property Sales

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on when a deed of sale is void without proper agency authority under the Civil Code.

Substantial Evidence in Administrative Cases: Why Photocopies and Hearsay Don't Suffice

Learn how Philippine courts treat photocopies and hearsay in administrative cases, and why substantial evidence remains the standard.

Lost Land Title Petitions: Court Limits, Due Diligence, and Protecting Property Rights

Learn how Philippine courts handle petitions for new owner's duplicate titles, including jurisdictional limits, due diligence duties, and key lessons from a recent Supreme Court ruling.

Evidence Rules in Philippine Administrative Cases: The Atienza Case Explained

Administrative bodies in the Philippines follow relaxed evidence rules. Learn what Atienza v. Board of Medicine means for professionals facing administrative scrutiny.

Burden of Proof in Illegal Dismissal Cases: Documentary Evidence vs Simple Denial

In illegal dismissal cases, the employer bears the burden of proving valid termination with substantial evidence—not the employee.

Debt Recovery Execution: Waiver of Demand and Proving Overlevy

Learn when a sheriff's failure to demand payment is excused and how to prove overlevy in execution sales under Rule 39.

Unveiling Forgery: Securing Document Examination in Philippine Courts

Learn how Philippine courts handle forgery claims, document production, and NBI examination under Rule 27, based on a 2002 Supreme Court ruling.

UP vs Rosario: The Crucial Role of Land Survey Approval in Property Title Validity

When a land title may be void for lack of approved survey plan, and why courts must fully hear such claims before dismissal.

Motion to Dismiss Trap: Why Filing One Can Waive Your Right to Claim Damages in Philippine Courts

Learn how filing a motion to dismiss in Philippine courts can waive your right to claim damages, based on a Supreme Court ruling.

Think Before You Share: Understanding Republication Libel in Philippine Law

A Supreme Court ruling clarifies when sharing or republishing a news article becomes libel, and the crucial role of malice.

Payroll Evidence in Philippine Labor Disputes: Ensuring Fair Hearings for Employers

A Supreme Court ruling on payroll evidence in labor disputes, protecting employers' right to present original documents for fair hearings.

Philippine Courts and Foreign Defendants: How Voluntary Appearance Can Establish Jurisdiction

A look at Villareal v. CA: when a non-resident defendant voluntarily appears in court, jurisdiction over the person is established.