Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

Showing 24252448 of 4,618 articles for tro

Government Employee Benefits Unauthorized Allowances Violate Standardization Laws

Supreme Court affirms COA disallowance of P10,000 food basket allowance to BFAR employees for lack of legal basis.

Freelance or Employee? The Test for Newspaper Columnists in the Philippines

The Supreme Court explains when a newspaper columnist is an independent contractor, not an employee, under the control test.

Probable Cause vs Hard Facts: What Balangauan v. CA Teaches About Estafa Cases

The Supreme Court clarifies probable cause standards in estafa cases, rejecting the DOJ's demand for "hard facts" before filing charges.

Rape Conviction Affirmed on Credibility of Testimony and Weak Defense of Alibi

Supreme Court affirms murder conviction, explaining why credible eyewitness testimony outweighs alibi and denial in Philippine criminal cases.

Breach of Duty and Mitigating Circumstances: Balancing Justice and Compassion in Public Service Misconduct

When a clerk of court faces dismissal for fund shortages, mitigating circumstances can temper the penalty. The Supreme Court explains how.

Abuse of Rights in Philippine Law: When Filing Complaints Is Not a Basis for Damages

The Supreme Court clarifies the abuse of rights principle, ruling that filing labor complaints and seeking government action without malice is not actionable.

Subrogation Rights of Insurers: Recourse Against Negligent Carriers for Damaged Goods

When can an insurer sue a negligent carrier after paying a claim? The Supreme Court clarifies subrogation rights and carrier liability.

Good Faith Purchasers and Notarized Documents in Philippine Property Sales

Explaining the Supreme Court ruling on buyer in good faith protection and reliance on notarized board resolutions in property transactions.

Voice Recognition as Valid Identification in Robbery with Homicide Cases

How Philippine courts accept voice identification and physical familiarity as proof of identity in robbery with homicide cases.

From Partial to Total: Converting Disability Benefits Under Philippine Law

When can a permanent partial disability (PPD) benefit be converted to permanent total disability (PTD)? The Supreme Court explains in GSIS v. Casco.

Deceitful Practices by Lawyers: When Suspension and Disbarment Apply

The Supreme Court clarifies when lawyers face suspension or disbarment for deceitful conduct, citing a case of forged documents and dishonest estate settlement.

Compulsory Retirement at 60: When Company Policy Violates Security of Tenure

A company policy forcing retirement at 60 can be illegal dismissal. The Supreme Court explains the difference between voluntary and compulsory retirement.

Eyewitness Testimony and Alibi Defense: Proving Guilt Beyond Reasonable Doubt in Arson Cases

How a credible lone eyewitness can overcome alibi and denial in Philippine arson prosecutions, with practical lessons.

Circumstantial Evidence and Conviction: The Nover Bryan Salvador Case

When can circumstantial evidence alone convict an accused? The Supreme Court explains in this landmark Philippine homicide case.

Double Jeopardy and Grave Abuse of Discretion: Protecting Acquittals From Reversal

The Supreme Court explains when an acquittal is final and how grave abuse of discretion is the only exception.

Protecting the Innocent: Statutory Rape and the Incapacity of Minors to Consent

Explaining statutory rape under Philippine law, why minors cannot legally consent, and how courts protect child victims.

Unlawful Appointments: Does Temporary Disqualification Mean Lack of Legal Qualification?

Supreme Court clarifies that temporary disqualification of losing candidates constitutes lack of legal qualification under Article 244, RPC.

Shared Maritime Tragedy Determining Liability In Collision At Sea

The MV Doña Paz and MT Vector collision case clarifies liability rules for common carriers and vessel owners in Philippine maritime law.

Moonlighting and Employee Dismissal: Defining the Boundaries of Trust and Confidence

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on when moonlighting justifies dismissal and how loss of trust and confidence must be proven.

Contractual Retirement Plans Prevail Defining Salary in Employee Benefit Agreements

Supreme Court rules that company retirement plans define salary base for benefits, and R.A. 7641 only applies when no plan exists or benefits fall below legal minimums.

Breach of Trust Establishing Estafa in Financial Misappropriation Cases

Explore when breach of trust constitutes estafa under Philippine law, and why agricultural leasehold tenants cannot be prosecuted for it.

Filipino Land Ownership Validating Land Transfers TO Citizens Despite Initial Alienation

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on how land transferred to aliens can be cured when it later passes to Filipino citizens.

When Mootness Ends a Case: The ZTE-NBN Project Dispute Before the Supreme Court

The Supreme Court dismissed the consolidated petitions against the ZTE-NBN project as moot after the government abandoned the deal, explaining key limits on judicial power.

Extrajudicial Repossession After Lease Default: What Irao v. By the Bay, Inc. Means

Supreme Court explains when a lessor's demand letter counts as notice of termination, allowing extrajudicial repossession of leased property.