Legal Insights

Retrenchment Requisites Philippine Supreme Court Upholds Employee Rights Against Unsubstantiated Loss Claims

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies retrenchment requisites, ruling that employers must prove actual losses with evidence, not mere allegations.

Finality of Supreme Court Decisions: Understanding Res Judicata in Philippine Labor Disputes

Learn how the doctrine of res judicata bars relitigation of final labor rulings, with practical guidance for employers and employees.

Reinstatement Isn't Just an Order: Supreme Court Clarifies Employers' Backwage Obligations in Illegal Dismissa

Philippine Supreme Court ruling clarifies that an order to reinstate an illegally dismissed employee does not stop backwages from accruing until actual reinstatement or separation pay.

Sleeping on the Job: When Can Philippine Employers Terminate for Just Cause?

Philippine employers may terminate employees for sleeping on duty if company rules are violated, but due process and proportionality still matter.

Illegal Dismissal vs Abandonment: What Philippine Employees Must Know

Understand the difference between illegal dismissal and abandonment of work in the Philippines, and learn what employers must prove.

Defiance and Dismissal: Upholding Employers' Right to Terminate for Insubordination and Loss of Trust

Supreme Court affirms dismissal of sales supervisor for willful disobedience and loss of trust, clarifying employer rights under Article 282.

Habitual Absenteeism and Neglect of Duty: When Is Termination Justified in the Philippines

The Supreme Court explains when habitual absenteeism and neglect of duty justify dismissal, and the price employers pay for skipping due process.

Dismissal Due to Illness: Employers Must Secure Medical Certification

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on Manly Express v. Payong clarifies employer obligations when terminating employees due to disease or illness.

Proving Loss of Trust and Confidence in Illegal Dismissal Cases in the Philippines

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on when loss of trust and confidence justifies employee dismissal, and what employers must prove.

Retrenchment Requirements: Proving Financial Losses and Fair Criteria in Employee Dismissal

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on retrenchment: employers must prove substantial losses and use fair criteria like seniority when dismissing employees.

Retrenchment Rules in the Philippines: Proving Losses and Fair Selection

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on retrenchment: what employers must prove to validly dismiss employees due to business losses.

Illegal Dismissal Case: Employer's Burden of Proof in Misappropriation Claims

MERALCO v. NLRC clarifies that employers bear the burden of proof in illegal dismissal cases, even for misappropriation charges.

Employee Dismissal: Proving Loss of Confidence Requires Clear Evidence

A Philippine Supreme Court ruling on illegal dismissal shows why employers must prove loss of confidence with clear evidence, not mere suspicion or contrived charges.

Business Closure vs Retrenchment: Defining Employers' Rights in Labor Disputes

The Supreme Court clarifies when retrenchment is valid, when it becomes illegal dismissal, and how quitclaims affect employee rights.

Due Process and Illegal Dismissal: Why Employers Bear the Burden of Proof in Termination Cases

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies procedural rules on indispensable parties in illegal dismissal cases and the employer's burden of proof.

Breach of Trust in Employment: Substantiation Required for Valid Termination

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies that employers must prove breach of trust with substantial evidence before terminating employees for loss of confidence.

Constructive Dismissal AN Employers Duty IN Reassignment AND DUE Process

Due Process in Labor Dismissals: The Two-Notice Rule and the Burden of Proving Just Cause

The Supreme Court reaffirms that dismissal without proper notice and hearing is illegal, and employers bear the burden of proving just cause.

When Financial Statements Don't Tell the Whole Story: Retrenchment Must Be Justified by Clear Evidence of Loss

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies that financial statements alone don't justify retrenchment. Employers must prove substantial, actual losses with convincing evidence.

Probationary Employment Termination Requires Just Cause AND Due Process

Probationary employees enjoy security of tenure. Employers must prove just cause and observe due process when terminating them.

Protecting Workers Rights Employers Cant Block Union Certification Based ON Disputed Registration

Dismissal Due to Business Losses: Substantiate Claims With Financial Records

Philippine law requires employers to prove business losses with audited financial statements before dismissing workers for retrenchment or closure.

Retrenchment Rigor: Proving Losses to Justify Employee Dismissal in the Philippines

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on F.F. Marine v. NLRC clarifies the strict evidentiary burden employers face when retrenching workers due to business losses.

Due Process in Employee Dismissal: The Two-Notice Rule Under Philippine Labor Law

Philippine law requires employers to follow the two-notice rule before dismissing employees. Learn what this means from a Supreme Court ruling.