Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

Showing 4972 of 573 articles for evidence

Unreliable Eyewitness Testimony: When Flawed Identification Leads to Acquittal

The Supreme Court acquits an accused when eyewitness identification is unreliable. Learn the totality of circumstances test and key safeguards.

Moral Ascendancy in Rape Cases: Why Silence Can Prove the Crime

Philippine law recognizes moral ascendancy as a substitute for force in rape cases. Learn what this means for victims and legal strategy.

Constructive Dismissal of OFWs: When Unbearable Work Conditions Amount to Illegal Termination

The Supreme Court clarifies when unbearable working conditions abroad amount to constructive dismissal of OFWs, entitling them to back wages and damages.

Civil Liability After Criminal Acquittal: What the Llonillo Case Means

Philippine law allows civil liability to survive a criminal acquittal. Learn the rules and the Supreme Court's ruling in Llonillo.

Human Trafficking in the Philippines: Qualified Trafficking and Child Protection Under RA 9208

Philippine law treats trafficking of minors as qualified trafficking with severe penalties. A recent Supreme Court ruling shows how victim testimony secures convictions.

Medical Malpractice in the Philippines: Proving Negligence After Nuñez vs. Daz

When is a bad medical outcome negligence? The Supreme Court's Nuñez ruling clarifies the high burden of proof in Philippine malpractice cases.

Chain of Custody in Drug Cases: How a Broken Link Leads to Acquittal

A broken chain of custody can overturn drug convictions. Learn the strict rules under RA 9165 and what the Cordova ruling means.

Qualified Rape vs. Statutory Rape: Supreme Court Clarifies Child Sexual Abuse Law

The Supreme Court clarifies the proper legal designation for child sexual abuse cases, distinguishing qualified rape from statutory rape under Philippine law.

Independent Contractor vs. Employee: The Control Test in Philippine Labor Law

The Supreme Court clarifies when a "freelancer" is really a regular employee under Philippine labor law, using the control test.

Ghost Employees and Graft Liability: The Supreme Court’s Standard in People v. Reales

The Supreme Court clarifies the burden of proof in ghost employee corruption cases, protecting honest public officials from wrongful conviction.

When a Sale Among Heirs Can Be Voided: PD 27 and Simulated Land Transfers

Learn when a sale of agrarian reform land among heirs is void under PD 27, based on the Supreme Court's ruling in Dela Cruz v. Dumasig.

Chain of Custody and the Saving Clause in Philippine Drug Cases

When a flawed drug bust still stands: the saving clause under Section 21, RA 9165, explained through a recent Supreme Court ruling.

Financial Abuse Under VAWC: Why Intent Matters in RA 9262 Cases

The Supreme Court clarifies that financial abuse under RA 9262 requires proof of intent to cause emotional anguish, not just denial of support.

When Tax Assessments Are Not Required: Civil Liability in Philippine Tax Evasion Cases

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies when a formal BIR tax assessment is not required to hold taxpayers civilly liable in criminal tax evasion cases.

Third-Party Claims in Labor Disputes: Protecting Assets from Wrongful Levy

Learn how the Supreme Court protects third-party asset owners from wrongful levy in labor dispute executions, and the proper remedies available.

Qualified Rape and Moral Ascendancy: When Trust Becomes a Weapon

How moral ascendancy can substitute for force in rape cases, and why abusing a position of trust over a minor leads to qualified rape.

Employer and Vehicle Owner Liability: Solidary vs. Vicarious Under Philippine Law

When a driver causes an accident, liability depends on presence. Learn the difference between solidary and vicarious liability.

Theft vs. Robbery in the Philippines: The Element of Force Explained

Understand the difference between theft and robbery under Philippine law, and how the element of force affects criminal liability and penalties.

When a Recruitment Employee Is Not Liable for Illegal Recruitment: Toston v. People

The Supreme Court in Toston v. People clarifies that a recruitment agency's mere employee is not automatically liable for illegal recruitment.

Motion to Withdraw Information: When Courts Must Assess Evidence Before Dismissal

Courts must independently assess evidence before granting a motion to withdraw information. Learn the rules from a recent Sandiganbayan case.

Deficiency Claims After Mortgage Foreclosure: The Prieto v. BPI Ruling

Learn how the Supreme Court's Prieto v. BPI ruling protects borrowers from unproven deficiency claims after mortgage foreclosure in the Philippines.

Possession of Fake Currency in the Philippines: Knowledge and Intent Under Article 168

Philippine law punishes possession of counterfeit currency only when knowledge and intent to use are proven. The Supreme Court clarifies this in a recent ruling.

Cyber-Enabled Robbery in the Philippines: How RA 10175 Raises Penalties for Digital Extortion

Learn how the Supreme Court applies the Cybercrime Prevention Act to robbery committed through digital means, and why penalties are one degree higher.

Serious Illegal Detention of Minors: What Philippine Law Says

Serious illegal detention of a minor is a grave crime in the Philippines. Learn the elements, penalties, and key lessons from a recent Supreme Court ruling.