Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

Showing 4972 of 130 articles for obligations

The Four-Fold Test in Philippine Labor Law: A Guide to Employment Status

Learn how the four-fold test determines employee status in the Philippines, with insights from a landmark Supreme Court ruling.

When Lawyer Silence Becomes Negligence: The Duty to Communicate with Clients

The Supreme Court clarifies that a lawyer-client relationship can exist without a written contract, and silence can amount to professional negligence.

Consumer Refunds for Defective Products in the Philippines: What the Law Says

Learn when you can demand a refund or replacement for defective products under the Consumer Act and the Mazda v. Caruncho ruling.

Malversation and Anti-Graft Laws: Lessons from Sarion v. People on Public Fund Management

A Supreme Court ruling on malversation clarifies the duty of public officials to verify disbursements, with key lessons for government and contractors.

Compromise Agreements and Rescission: Lessons from a Supreme Court Ruling

When can a compromise agreement be rescinded? The Supreme Court clarifies the rules on non-performance and rescission under Article 2041.

The President’s Power to Withdraw from Treaties: What the Supreme Court Ruled

The Supreme Court clarified the limits of the President’s power to withdraw from international treaties. Learn the rules from the Rome Statute case.

Promissory Estoppel in Philippine Employment: When Employer Promises Bind

A Supreme Court ruling shows how employer assurances on retirement benefits can bind companies under promissory estoppel. Learn the key lessons.

Protecting Conjugal Property from a Spouse’s Personal Debts: Cordova v. Ty Explained

Can creditors seize conjugal property for one spouse’s personal debt? The Supreme Court’s ruling in Cordova v. Ty explains the limits.

SALN Violations and Perjury: Prescriptive Periods Explained

Learn the prescriptive periods for SALN violations and perjury in the Philippines, based on the Supreme Court's ruling in the Germar case.

Theft by Misappropriation of Found Property: What Philippine Law Requires

Philippine law punishes keeping found property as theft. Learn the finder's duties and key lessons from a recent Supreme Court ruling.

Teacher Misconduct and Child Abuse: When Dismissal Is Justified in the Philippines

When does teacher misconduct justify dismissal? The Supreme Court clarifies the limits of compassionate justice in child abuse cases.

Lawyer-Client Relationship and Professional Ethics: Lessons from Zamora v. Gallanosa

When does a lawyer-client relationship begin, and what happens when a lawyer abandons a case? The Supreme Court clarifies in Zamora v. Gallanosa.

Valid Dismissal and Separation Pay: Key Lessons from a 2020 Supreme Court Ruling

A 2020 Supreme Court ruling clarifies when dismissal for willful disobedience is valid and when separation pay may—or may not—be granted.

Client’s Death and Counsel’s Duty: The 30-Day Notification Rule Under Section 16, Rule 3

A lawyer must notify the court within 30 days of a client’s death and name the legal representatives—or face disciplinary action.

Transferee Pendente Lite in Trademark Assignments: The Sunfire Trading Case

Learn how the Sunfire Trading ruling clarifies that buying a trademark during litigation binds the buyer to the case's outcome.

Vicarious Liability and Common Carrier Duties: The Mendoza Case Explained

Learn how the Mendoza ruling clarifies employer liability for employee negligence and the obligations of common carriers in the Philippines.

B.P. 22 and the Corporate Veil: When Corporate Officers Face Personal Liability

The Supreme Court pierces the corporate veil in B.P. 22 cases, holding officers personally liable for bouncing checks—but only with proper notice of dishonor.

Disbarment for Misleading the Court: Candor as a Lawyer's Highest Duty

The Supreme Court disbarred a lawyer for misleading the court and breaching candor, reaffirming that honesty is the foundation of legal practice.

Condominium Dues and Utility Disconnection: What Unit Owners Must Know

The Supreme Court upheld a condominium association's right to disconnect utilities for unpaid dues, clarifying owner obligations under the Condominium Act.

Misrepresenting MCLE Compliance: Supreme Court Suspends Lawyer for Three Years

The Supreme Court suspended a lawyer for three years for falsely claiming MCLE exemptions in court pleadings, reinforcing ethical duties.

Prior Sale Beats Inheritance: Supreme Court on Land Ownership Disputes

When a valid sale predates an inheritance claim, the buyer owns the land. The Supreme Court explains why Article 1544 on double sales does not apply.

Sales Commissions Are Wages: Supreme Court Ruling on Unpaid Commissions and Unauthorized Deductions

Sales commissions are wages under Philippine law. Learn what the Supreme Court ruled on unpaid commissions and unauthorized car plan deductions.

Can Pathological Gambling Nullify a Marriage? The Singson Ruling on Psychological Incapacity

The Supreme Court in Singson v. Singson clarifies when pathological gambling can—and cannot—nullify a marriage under Article 36 of the Family Code.

Piercing the Corporate Veil: Director Liability in Investment Fraud Cases

When can directors be personally liable for corporate fraud? The Supreme Court's ruling in Virata v. Ng Wee provides clear guidance.