Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

Showing 7396 of 180 articles for exemplary damages

Rape Conviction Affirmed: Force, Intimidation, and Moral Ascendancy in Sexual Assault Cases

The Supreme Court affirms a stepfather's rape conviction, explaining how force, intimidation, and moral ascendancy satisfy the elements of rape under Philippine law.

Burden of Proof in Firearm-Related Murder: Establishing Guilt Beyond Reasonable Doubt

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on proving unlicensed firearm use in murder cases and the prosecution's burden of proof.

Moral Ascendancy in Rape Cases: When Power Substitutes for Force Under Philippine Law

How the Supreme Court ruled that moral ascendancy can substitute for physical threat or intimidation in rape cases, protecting vulnerable victims.

Eyewitness Testimony and Treachery: Conviction for Murder Upheld by Supreme Court

A look at how positive eyewitness identification and treachery established guilt beyond reasonable doubt in a murder case.

Rape of Persons with Intellectual Disability: Consent and Criminal Liability in the Philippines

The Supreme Court clarifies that sexual intercourse with a person with intellectual disability constitutes rape, as they cannot give valid consent.

Loss of Trust and Confidence as Ground for Dismissal: What Employers Must Prove

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies when loss of trust and confidence justifies employee dismissal, requiring willful breach proven by substantial evidence.

Rape Conviction Affirmed: Contextual Testimony Enough to Prove Carnal Knowledge

The Supreme Court affirms a rape conviction, holding that a victim's contextual testimony can sufficiently establish carnal knowledge even without explicit anatomical detail.

Treachery Defined: How Eyewitness Testimony Secures Murder Convictions in the Philippines

The Supreme Court explains how treachery qualifies killing as murder and why a consistent eyewitness account outweighs an alibi defense.

Rape of an Intoxicated Victim: Consent and Consciousness Under Philippine Law

The Supreme Court ruled that sex with a woman unconscious or deprived of reason from intoxication is rape, even without force.

Self-Defense and Treachery in Homicide Cases: What the Supreme Court Requires

Understand when self-defense fails in Philippine criminal law and how treachery qualifies a killing as murder, based on a 2016 Supreme Court ruling.

Electricity Disconnection Due Process and Utility Company Obligations in the Philippines

Learn the Supreme Court's rules on electricity disconnection, due process, and utility obligations under R.A. 7832 in the Philippines.

Rape Conviction Upheld: Victim Testimony and Procedural Compliance in Rape Cases

The Supreme Court affirms the conviction of a father for qualified rape, underscoring the weight of credible victim testimony and the importance of procedural compliance.

Malicious Prosecution: Holding Employers Accountable for Unjust Accusations

When employers file baseless criminal charges against workers, they may face damages for malicious prosecution. Learn from a Supreme Court ruling.

Self-Defense vs. Criminal Intent: Proving Guilt Beyond Reasonable Doubt in Homicide Cases

Philippine Supreme Court ruling clarifies when self-defense fails and how treachery qualifies killing as murder, not homicide.

Rape and the Incapacity to Consent: Protecting the Intellectually Disabled in Philippine Law

Philippine law treats rape as a violation of autonomy, especially when the victim cannot consent due to intellectual disability. This article explains the key ruling.

Murder with Direct Assault: Supreme Court Affirms Conviction in People v. Estonilo

The Supreme Court affirmed the conviction for Murder with Direct Assault in People v. Estonilo, highlighting the role of circumstantial evidence and the weakness of alibi.

Counterclaims Survive Independent Adjudication After Complaint Dismissal

The Supreme Court clarifies that dismissing a complaint does not automatically kill the defendant's counterclaim, which may proceed independently.

Unbearable Conditions Defining Constructive Dismissal in the Workplace

When employer hostility becomes unbearable, an employee may be constructively dismissed. The Supreme Court explains the test and remedies.

Incestuous Rape Conviction Upheld Despite Alleged Testimonial Inconsistencies

Supreme Court affirms rape conviction, ruling minor inconsistencies in victim testimony do not undermine credibility or the prosecution's case.

Restitution After Judgment Modification: Fairness in Executed Judgments

When the Supreme Court reduces damages after properties have been sold at execution, how are parties made whole? The Eserjose case explains restitution rules.

Rape Conviction Upheld: Intimidation Overcomes Lack of Physical Resistance

Philippine Supreme Court rules that intimidation, not physical resistance, is key in rape cases, upholding a conviction based on a knife threat.

Rape Conviction Affirmed: Force, Intimidation, and Credibility in Philippine Criminal Law

The Supreme Court affirms a rape conviction, explaining force, intimidation, witness credibility, and damages in Philippine criminal law.

When Attorney's Fees Are Not Automatic: The Rule of Article 2208

The Supreme Court clarifies when courts may award attorney's fees under Article 2208 of the Civil Code, requiring clear factual and legal justification.

Attorney’s Fees in the Philippines: When Courts Can Award Them

Philippine courts cannot award attorney's fees without clear justification. Learn the rules under Article 2208 of the Civil Code.