Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

Showing 10811104 of 3,935 articles for tro

Local Autonomy vs Centralized Power: Who Decides on Water Governance

Supreme Court ruling on who appoints water district boards when cities fail the 75% threshold, balancing local autonomy against centralized control.

PDAF Scam: Hearsay Evidence and Probable Cause in Plunder Cases

The Supreme Court upholds the Ombudsman's probable cause findings in the PDAF scam cases, clarifying that hearsay evidence can establish probable cause.

Improper Levy Voids Execution Sale Protecting Due Process in Debt Recovery

Supreme Court rules labor tribunals cannot hold corporate officers liable without summons, voiding execution sales against them.

The Limits of Appellate Courts Introducing New Evidence on Appeal in Philippine Law

Philippine appellate courts generally cannot receive new evidence on appeal; review is limited to the trial record. This article explains the rule.

Lawyers' Facebook Posts and Online Defamation: Ethical Limits Under Philippine Law

When can a lawyer's Facebook posts lead to suspension? The Supreme Court clarifies privacy, free speech, and professional conduct online.

Union Dues Increase: Supreme Court Requires Strict Compliance for Agency Fees

The Supreme Court ruled that increased union agency fees require strict compliance with Labor Code approval and documentation requirements.

Taxation and Freeport Zones: The Limits of Executive Power in Revenue Regulation

The Supreme Court strikes down a revenue regulation imposing VAT and excise tax on freeport zone importations, affirming that tax exemptions cannot be revoked by executive issuance.

When a "Lawyer" Is Not a Lawyer: Due Process and the Right to Counsel in Criminal Cases

The Supreme Court voids a conviction where the accused was represented by a fake lawyer, stressing the absolute right to counsel.

Illegal Dismissal Claims: When Breach of Trust Justifies Termination Despite Weak Theft Evidence

Philippine Auto Components v. Jumadla clarifies when loss of trust and confidence can justify dismissal even if serious misconduct is not proven.

Assignees of Bank Mortgagee Entitled to Shorter Redemption Period Under General Banking Law

Supreme Court rules assignees of a bank mortgagee benefit from the shorter three-month redemption period under the General Banking Law.

Foreign Ownership in Public Utilities: The High Court Defines "Capital"

The Supreme Court clarifies that Under the Constitution

Probable Cause Required Before Customs Seizure: Commissioner of Customs v. Singson

Philippine Supreme Court rules customs forfeiture requires probable cause first, not mere suspicion or certification.

Probable Cause and Customs Seizure: Protecting Due Process in Forfeiture Cases

The Supreme Court clarifies that probable cause must precede customs seizure and forfeiture, protecting claimants from arbitrary government action.

Stroke Compensation Claims: When Work Stress Meets Employee Welfare

Supreme Court clarifies when stroke and hypertension are compensable under PD 626, emphasizing probability over certainty in employee claims.

Upholding Conviction Despite Procedural Lapses: Chain of Custody Preserves Drug Evidence

The Supreme Court affirms a drug conviction despite Section 21 lapses, ruling that an unbroken chain of custody preserves the integrity of seized evidence.

When Are Corporate Directors Liable for Illegal LPG Trading Under BP 33?

Supreme Court clarifies when corporate directors may be prosecuted for illegal LPG trading and underfilling under BP 33, as amended.

Affidavit of Desistance in Rape Cases: Supreme Court Scrutiny and Victim Credibility

Supreme Court affirms rape conviction despite affidavit of desistance, ruling recanted affidavits are unreliable and victim testimony credible.

Real Actions and Jurisdiction: Why Assessed Value Determines the Correct Philippine Court

In real actions, the property's assessed value determines which court has jurisdiction. Omitting it can doom the case.

When Can a Sale Be Rescinded: Abuse of Rights in Business Contracts

Supreme Court ruling on how a manufacturer's unfair competition against its own distributor can give rise to damages under the Civil Code.

Upholding Chain of Custody in Drug Cases: Ensuring Integrity of Evidence

The Supreme Court acquits a drug suspect due to broken chain of custody, emphasizing strict compliance with RA 9165 procedures.

Loss of Trust and Confidence as Ground for Dismissal: What Employers Must Prove

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies when loss of trust and confidence justifies employee dismissal, requiring willful breach proven by substantial evidence.

Enforcement of Government Contracts: Recovery Allowed Despite Lack of Funds Certification

Supreme Court allows contractor recovery for government equipment leases despite missing funds certification, citing quantum meruit and equity.

Chain of Custody Imperative Safeguarding Drug Evidence Integrity in Philippine Law

The Supreme Court acquits a drug suspect due to broken chain of custody, stressing strict compliance with Section 21 of RA 9165.

Negligence in Supervision: Employer's Right to Terminate for Gross Neglect of Duty

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies when a supervisor's failure to oversee staff constitutes gross and habitual neglect, justifying dismissal.