Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

Showing 169192 of 571 articles for exceptions

Seafarers Disability: The 240-Day Rule and the Right to Full Benefits

The Supreme Court clarifies when a seafarer's disability is deemed permanent and total under the 240-day rule, and why a timely company-doctor assessment matters.

Death of Accused Pending Appeal Extinguishes Criminal and Civil Liability Ex Delicto

When an accused dies before final judgment, criminal liability and civil liability ex delicto are extinguished. Learn the rule and its exceptions.

Upholding Marital Sanctity When Procedural Technicalities Give Way to Substantial Justice in Annulment Cases

The Supreme Court relaxes procedural rules to protect marriage's sanctity, allowing the State to appeal an annulment ruling despite technical lapses.

Seafarers' Disability Claims: Strict Compliance With Post-Employment Medical Exam

Supreme Court clarifies that seafarers who fail the 3-day post-employment medical exam rule forfeit disability benefits, even if illness is work-related.

Perfected Construction Contract Award Trumps Suspension

A bidder's acceptance of a notice to proceed perfects a construction contract; a later suspension does not undo it. The Supreme Court explains.

Finality of Judgments: Why Failing to Appeal on Time Can Uphold a Conviction

A procedural lapse—filing the wrong appeal—can make a conviction final and immutable. Learn the doctrine of immutability of judgment.

Prompt Case Raffle Is a Judge's Duty: Lessons from a Simple Neglect Case

The Supreme Court reminds judges that delaying case raffles violates A.M. No. 03-8-02-SC and constitutes simple neglect of duty.

Venue Stipulations in Contracts: When "Exclusive" Means Exclusive in Philippine Courts

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies when contractual venue stipulations are binding and enforceable, and when courts must dismiss cases filed elsewhere.

Mutual Contract Termination Does Not Waive Payment Claims in Construction Disputes

Supreme Court ruling on DPWH v. CMC/Monark Joint Venture clarifies that mutual termination of a construction contract does not extinguish valid payment claims.

Hierarchy of Courts and Locus Standi When Constitutional Issues Override Procedural Rules

Explaining when the Supreme Court allows direct petitions despite the hierarchy of courts and relaxed standing rules in constitutional cases.

Insurance Subrogation: Establishing Insurer's Rights Against Third-Party Carriers

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies when insurers can recover from carriers via subrogation, and when presenting the insurance policy is required.

Seafarer Disability Claims and the 240-Day Rule: What the Supreme Court Says

Learn how the 240-day rule and medical assessments shape seafarer disability claims under Philippine law.

Eminent Domain and Just Compensation: Valuing Property at the Time of Taking

Explaining the Supreme Court ruling that just compensation for expropriated property is valued at the time of taking, not when the complaint is filed.

Tax Assessment Waivers Must Strictly Comply With BIR Rules or Prescription Applies

Learn how defective tax waivers fail to extend the BIR's three-year assessment period, from the Supreme Court's ruling in CIR v. Systems Technology Institute.

Traffic Violations and Negligence: When Driving on the Wrong Lane Determines Liability in Collisions

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on how traffic violations like wrong-lane driving establish negligence and liability in vehicle collisions.

Protecting Press Freedom: Actual Malice and Libel in Public Interest Reporting

A Philippine Supreme Court ruling on actual malice, qualified privilege, and libel in reporting on public officials' conduct.

Seafarer Basketball Injury Held Work-Related Under Bunkhouse Rule

Supreme Court rules seafarer's basketball injury on board is work-related under the Bunkhouse Rule and Personal Comfort Doctrine.

When a Prosecutor Files an Information Without the City Prosecutor’s Approval

Learn when a criminal information filed without the city prosecutor’s prior written authority is defective and subject to quashal.

Final Judgment Immutability and Limits of Execution in Land Reclamation Disputes

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on final judgment immutability, execution limits, and procedural remedies in land reclamation disputes.

Non-Payment of Premium and Insurance Coverage Validity: The Gaisano Case

When is an insurance policy valid? The Supreme Court clarifies that non-payment of premium before loss means no coverage.

Judicial Immunity and the Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies in Agrarian Compensation Cases

The Supreme Court clarifies when landowners may directly sue for just compensation despite the exhaustion of administrative remedies doctrine.

Execution Pending Appeal: Balancing Justice and Judicial Discretion in Philippine Courts

The Supreme Court clarifies the limits of execution pending appeal and the requirements for claiming injunction bonds in Abenion v. Pilipinas Shell.

Overcoming Title Presumptions: The Imperative of Clear and Convincing Evidence in Land Disputes

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on why clear and convincing evidence is required to overturn a free patent and certificate of title.

Hierarchy of Courts and Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies: The Imperative for Orderly Legal Processes

The Supreme Court reiterates that parties must observe the hierarchy of courts and exhaust administrative remedies before seeking judicial relief.