Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

Showing 193216 of 246 articles for contracts

Premature Execution Judgment Required Before Enforcing Court Orders

Philippine Supreme Court rules that a writ of execution requires a final judgment, voiding premature enforcement in David v. Velasco.

Chattel vs Real Property: How Mortgage Classification Affects Foreclosure Rights

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on when machinery is chattel or real property, and why classification determines what a mortgage covers.

Rescinding a Land Sale in the Philippines: Why a Letter Is Not Enough

Philippine law requires a judicial or notarial act to rescind a sale of immovable property—even with an automatic rescission clause.

Prescription in Contract Disputes: The 10-Year Rule Under Philippine Law

Learn how the 10-year prescription period for written contracts works in the Philippines, and why delay can bar a valid claim.

Void Marriages and Inheritance Rights: Determining Legal Heirs in the Philippines

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on void marriages, death benefits, and who qualifies as legal heirs under the Family Code.

Decoding Marginal Deposits: How Contract Clarity Prevents Banking Disputes in the Philippines

Learn from Security Bank v. Transworld how ambiguous trust receipt terms on marginal deposits led to a decade-long dispute.

Reversion Rights After Expropriation: What MCIAA v. Chiongbian Means for Landowners

When government expropriation is unconditional, former owners generally cannot reclaim land even if the public purpose ends. Learn the rules.

When Can a Philippine Judge Act as Notary Public? Limits and Unauthorized Practice of Law

Philippine MTC judges may notarize only court-related documents, not private deeds. Learn the limits and penalties from a Supreme Court ruling.

Credit Card Fraud Liability in the Philippines: What Ermitaño v. BPI Means for Cardholders

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on credit card fraud liability: cardholders who promptly report lost cards aren't liable for unauthorized charges.

Lease Agreements in the Philippines: Why Written Consent Before Construction Matters

Learn how the Supreme Court's ruling in Bugatti v. Baguilat underscores the need for a perfected lease contract before construction begins.

Extraordinary Inflation and Philippine Contracts: When Can You Adjust Rental Rates

Philippine law allows rent adjustments for extraordinary inflation, but courts rarely grant them. Learn the rules from a Supreme Court case.

Deed of Sale or Loan Understanding: Equitable Mortgage in Philippine Property Law

When is a deed of sale really an equitable mortgage? The Supreme Court clarifies the rules on when courts will presume a loan arrangement.

Parol Evidence Rule: When Prior Agreements Can Modify a Contract

Philippine Supreme Court explains when prior negotiations can alter a written contract under the parol evidence rule.

Statute of Limitations in Philippine Contract Law: The 10-Year Rule for Written Contracts

Learn the 10-year prescriptive period for written contracts in the Philippines, when it starts, and how the Supreme Court applied it in a stock pledge dispute.

Amended Complaints and Court Jurisdiction: The Que v. Court of Appeals Rule

Amending a complaint to add parties or claims does not automatically strip a Philippine court of jurisdiction if the original cause of action remains intact.

Compromise Agreements in the Philippines: Why You Need a Special Power of Attorney

A lawyer cannot compromise a client's case without a special power of attorney. Learn the rules from a Supreme Court ruling.

Expropriation in the Philippines: When Can Land Be Sold During Proceedings

Learn when landowners can still sell property during expropriation proceedings and who gets just compensation, based on a Philippine Supreme Court ruling.

Contract of Sale vs Contract to Sell: Key Differences and Legal Implications

Philippine Supreme Court explains the difference between a contract of sale and a contract to sell, and why the distinction matters in real estate disputes.

Verbal Contracts in the Philippines: Why Written Agreements Win in Court

Verbal contracts are valid in the Philippines but hard to prove. Learn from Romago v. Court of Appeals why written agreements prevail.

When a Franchise Expires: Object of Sale and Royalty Fees Under Philippine Law

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on whether royalty fees continue when the assigned franchise right expires, interpreting contract intent.

Royalty Payments After Franchise Expiration: When the Assigned Right Ceases

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on whether royalty fees continue after the underlying franchise agreement expires and the assigned right ceases to exist.

When Judges Notarize: Limits on Ex Officio Notarial Powers in Property Cases

A judge's unauthorized notarization of a private property document leads to a fine, clarifying ex officio notarial limits.

When Can an Employer Terminate an OFW Due to Illness? The Medical Certificate Rule

Philippine law requires a medical certificate from a competent public health authority before an employer can validly terminate an OFW due to illness.

Privity of Contract in the Philippines: Why Third Parties Are Not Bound by Your Agreement

Learn how privity of contract protects banks and third parties from obligations they never agreed to, explained through the Villalon case.