Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

Showing 529552 of 1,419 articles for requirements

Compulsory vs. Permissive Counterclaims: What Philippine Litigants Must Know

Learn the difference between compulsory and permissive counterclaims in Philippine courts, including docket fees, forum shopping, and the Alba v. Malapajo ruling.

Probable Cause and Customs Seizure: Protecting Due Process in Forfeiture Cases

The Supreme Court clarifies that probable cause must precede customs seizure and forfeiture, protecting claimants from arbitrary government action.

When Police Lapses in Drug Cases Lead to Acquittal: The Gamboa Case

The Supreme Court acquits a drug suspect because police failed to follow Section 21, RA 9165. Learn the rules and practical lessons.

MTC Authority to Issue Search Warrants: People v. Castillo Explained

The Supreme Court clarifies that MTCs can issue search warrants even for offenses beyond their jurisdiction, under Rule 126.

Search Warrant Validity: MTC Authority and Jurisdictional Boundaries

Supreme Court clarifies that a Municipal Trial Court may issue a search warrant even for offenses outside its trial jurisdiction, within the same judicial region.

Due Process in Club Membership Suspensions: The Ching v. QCSC Ruling

When can a club suspend a member without a hearing? The Supreme Court clarifies due process rules in Ching v. Quezon City Sports Club.

Illegal Slowdowns and Union Officer Dismissal: The Polyson Case

The Supreme Court clarifies when a work slowdown becomes an illegal strike and justifies dismissal of union officers under Philippine labor law.

Enforcement of Government Contracts: Recovery Allowed Despite Lack of Funds Certification

Supreme Court allows contractor recovery for government equipment leases despite missing funds certification, citing quantum meruit and equity.

MERALCO Rate Case: Supreme Court Upholds ERC’s Shift to Performance-Based Regulation

Supreme Court affirms ERC’s shift to PBR for setting MERALCO rates, barring collateral attacks on administrative regulations.

Eminent Domain Easements Just Compensation For Perpetual Restrictions ON Property USE

When a right-of-way easement for transmission lines permanently restricts property use, full just compensation, not a mere easement fee, is due.

Substantiation of Tax Deductions: Proper Documentation Under Philippine Tax Law

Philippine law requires proper documentation for tax deductions, including PWD discounts. Learn the rules and substantiation requirements.

Premature Environmental Challenges Clarifying EIS Requirements in Public-Private Partnerships

Supreme Court clarifies when EIS and ECC duties arise in PPP projects, ruling that pre-bidding environmental challenges are premature.

Residency Requirements vs. Constitutional Rights: The Dano Case on Domicile and Elections

A Supreme Court ruling clarifies that temporary absence does not break residency for election purposes, protecting candidates' constitutional rights.

Buy-Bust Operations and Chain of Custody: Key Lessons from People v. Eda

The Supreme Court affirms a drug conviction, clarifying the elements of illegal sale and possession and the rules on chain of custody under RA 9165.

Ensuring Chain of Custody: Safeguarding Drug Evidence in Philippine Law

How Philippine courts treat lapses in Section 21 drug evidence rules and why preserving the chain of custody remains decisive in drug cases.

Res Judicata in Annulment of Judgments: Prior Relief Bars Subsequent Action

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies when a petition for annulment of judgment under Rule 47 is barred by a prior petition for relief.

Circumstantial Evidence and Parricide: Proving Guilt Beyond Reasonable Doubt

How circumstantial evidence can convict a husband of parricide when no eyewitness exists, explained through a Philippine Supreme Court ruling.

Eviction and Land Use: Clarifying Need and Notice in Property Repossession

The Supreme Court clarifies the requirements for ejectment under the Rental Law, including the three-month notice rule and what counts as an for the owner's family use.

Breach of Trust as Ground for Employee Dismissal: What Philippine Law Requires

Learn when loss of trust and confidence justifies employee dismissal in the Philippines, based on the Supreme Court's ruling in Celiz v. Cord Chemicals.

Identity Theft in the Legal Profession: Striking a Fraudulent Attorney From the Roll

A man used his brother's identity to pass the Bar. The Supreme Court struck the name from the Roll and barred him forever.

Loss of Confidence as a Dismissal Ground: When Employers Cannot Claim It

The Supreme Court clarifies that loss of confidence cannot be a simulated or afterthought ground for dismissing a managerial employee.

Untimely Appeal: The High Cost of Missed Deadlines in Labor Disputes

A missed 15-day deadline to appeal a Court of Appeals ruling proved fatal for an employer, showing why procedural rules matter.

Loss of Confidence as a Ground for Dismissal: When Employers Cannot Use It as a Subterfuge

The Supreme Court clarifies that loss of confidence cannot be simulated or used as a subterfuge to justify an illegal dismissal.

Ejectment Actions Beyond Lease Agreements: The Contract to Sell Rule in Philippine Law

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies that ejectment cases cover contract to sell violations, not just lease agreements or forcible entry.