Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

Showing 817840 of 2,743 articles for claims

Burden of Proof in Seafarer Disability Claims: Establishing Work-Relatedness

The Supreme Court clarifies that seafarers must prove work-relatedness of illness or injury by substantial evidence to receive disability benefits.

Challenging Real Property Tax Ordinances: The Iloilo Case and the Rule on Exhaustion of Remedies

The Supreme Court dismissed a direct challenge to Iloilo City's real property tax ordinance, reaffirming that taxpayers must first exhaust administrative remedies before going to court.

Res Judicata in Estate Proceedings: Teng v. Ting on Re-Litigating Ownership

The Supreme Court in Teng v. Ting bars re-litigating ownership in estate cases once a prior final judgment has settled the issue.

Supervening Events and Boracay Land Claims: Heirs of Maravilla v. Tupas

A Supreme Court ruling on how the Boracay ownership decision stopped execution of a final judgment, explained for property owners.

Mining Rights vs. Indigenous Peoples: Exhaustion of Remedies and Grave Abuse of Discretion

The Supreme Court in Alecha v. Atienza underscores the exhaustion doctrine and limits of grave abuse of discretion in mining disputes.

Premature Environmental Challenges Clarifying EIS Requirements in Public-Private Partnerships

Supreme Court clarifies when EIS and ECC duties arise in PPP projects, ruling that pre-bidding environmental challenges are premature.

Third-Party Claims in Labor Execution: Due Process and the Burden of Proof

The Supreme Court clarifies when a hearing is required for third-party claims in NLRC execution proceedings, and what claimants must prove.

Res Judicata in Annulment of Judgments: Prior Relief Bars Subsequent Action

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies when a petition for annulment of judgment under Rule 47 is barred by a prior petition for relief.

Conditional Employment Offers and When No Employer-Employee Relationship Exists

The Supreme Court clarifies when a conditional job offer, subject to background checks, does not create an employer-employee relationship.

Lease Default and Lessor Rights: Reading Contract Clauses Literally

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on lessor rights upon lessee default, contract interpretation, and enforcement of claims against a deceased lessee's estate.

Ancestral Land Disputes Reasserting Court Jurisdiction Over Indigenous Claims

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies NCIP jurisdiction over ancestral land disputes, reaffirming Lim v. Gamosa and the rule on first-filed cases.

Estafa Acquittal and Civil Liability: Distinguishing Ex Delicto From Ex Contractu

When an estafa acquittal rests on a contract, civil liability ex delicto cannot be awarded; the creditor must file a separate civil action.

Torrens Title vs Actual Possession: Resolving Property Disputes in Unlawful Detainer Cases

The Supreme Court clarifies that in unlawful detainer cases, actual possession—not Torrens title—determines who stays on the property.

Lawyer Suspended for Abusive Language in Demand Letter: A Lesson in Professional Conduct

The Supreme Court suspends a lawyer for using abusive, offensive language in a demand letter, reaffirming Rule 8.01 of the CPR.

Ethical Boundaries: Lawyers' Duty to Avoid Abusive Language in Professional Dealings

The Supreme Court reminds lawyers that demand letters must remain respectful, not abusive or defamatory, under Rule 8.01 of the CPR.

Caveat Emptor in Philippine Real Estate: Why Buyers Must Verify Title Before Purchase

The Supreme Court's Ranara ruling shows why buyers must verify property titles—failure to do so can mean losing both the purchase price and improvements.

Dividends vs Capital Gains: Taxing Share Redemptions Under the RP-US Treaty

Supreme Court rules on whether share redemption proceeds are dividends or capital gains under Philippine tax law and the RP-US Tax Treaty.

Unconscionable Penalties: Reassessing Loan Obligations in Philippine Law

The Supreme Court clarifies when courts may reduce penalty charges and attorney's fees in deficiency claims after foreclosure.

Appeal Dismissed Understanding Questions OF LAW VS Questions OF Fact IN Summary Judgments

The Supreme Court clarifies the distinction between questions of law and fact in appeals from summary judgments, and the proper remedy.

Untimely Appeal: The High Cost of Missed Deadlines in Labor Disputes

A missed 15-day deadline to appeal a Court of Appeals ruling proved fatal for an employer, showing why procedural rules matter.

Quieting Title vs. Annulment of Title: Key Lessons from Guntalilib v. Dela Cruz

The Supreme Court clarifies when a quieting-of-title action is actually an annulment of title, and why substance prevails over form.

Quieting of Title vs. Annulment of Title: Key Supreme Court Ruling on Land Disputes

The Supreme Court clarifies when a quieting of title action is actually an annulment of title, and why the substance of a complaint matters.

Forfeiture Clauses Balancing Employer Protection AND Employee Rights IN Commission Disputes

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies when commission forfeiture clauses in employment contracts are valid and enforceable.

When Direct Testimony Outweighs Forgery Claims in Philippine Land Sales

Supreme Court ruling on how direct testimony of a witness can overcome forgery allegations in a disputed land sale.