Legal Insights
Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.
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Burden OF Proof IN Illegal Dismissal Cases Employers Responsibility TO Substantiate Just Cause
Homicide and Self-Defense: Burden of Proof and Mitigating Circumstances
A Philippine Supreme Court ruling explains why self-defense must be proven by the accused and how courts assess voluntary surrender and damages in homicide cases.
Self-Defense and Treachery: Proving Guilt Beyond Reasonable Doubt in Philippine Criminal Law
How the Supreme Court rejected self-defense and upheld treachery in a murder conviction, explaining the burden of proof on accused persons.
Illegal Dismissal of Security Guards: When a Verbal "Don't Report" Is Not Enough
Philippine Supreme Court ruling on illegal dismissal of security guards, burden of proof, and the two-notice rule.
Estafa by False Pretenses: Proving Fraud Beyond Reasonable Doubt in the Philippines
Learn how Philippine courts prove estafa by false pretenses, using the Rizza Lao case to explain the elements, burden of proof, and penalties.
Entrapment vs Instigation in Drug Cases: Proving Guilt Beyond Reasonable Doubt
Philippine Supreme Court clarifies the distinction between valid entrapment and prohibited instigation in buy-bust operations, and the burden of proof in drug cases.
Safeguarding Judicial Independence Anonymous Complaints AND THE Burden OF Proof IN Administrative Cases
Burden of Proof in Civil Cases: Preponderance of Evidence Explained
Philippine Supreme Court clarifies the burden of proof in civil cases and why self-serving testimony cannot replace preponderance of evidence.
The Burden of Proof in Philippine Property Disputes: Lessons from Spouses Anchinges v. Spouses Albarillo
A family property dispute shows why courts require preponderance of evidence, not just claims, in Philippine civil cases.
Burden of Proof in Tax Refund Claims: Taxpayers Must Provide Sufficient Evidence
Philippine Supreme Court ruling on Atlas Consolidated Mining clarifies that taxpayers claiming VAT refunds must present complete documentary evidence.
Burden of Proof: Uncorroborated Testimony Insufficient to Establish Liability in Damages Claim
Philippine Supreme Court ruling on why a plaintiff's sole, uncorroborated testimony cannot establish liability in a damages claim.
Osteosarcoma Claims: Easing the Burden of Proof for Workers
The Supreme Court ruled that impossible proof requirements for non-occupational diseases like osteosarcoma should not bar compensation claims.
Land Registration AND THE Burden OF Proof Establishing Alienability AND Disposability
OFW Rights and the Employer's Burden of Proof in Illegal Dismissal Cases
Learn how Philippine courts protect overseas Filipino workers, and why employers carry the burden of proof in illegal dismissal cases.
Dismissal Disputes: Why Procedural Compliance and Employer Accountability Matter
Learn how Philippine courts decide illegal dismissal cases, the burden of proof, and why employees must prove dismissal first.
Burden of Proof in Philippine Criminal Law: Affirmative Testimony vs Denial
How Philippine courts weigh affirmative testimony against bare denial in criminal and civil cases, with practical guidance.
Burden of Proof in Illegal Dismissal Cases: Employer's Duty to Certify Illness
In Duterte v. Kingswood Trading, the Supreme Court held the employer, not the worker, must prove that illness justified a dismissal.
Duterte v. Kingswood: Burden of Proof in Disease-Based Dismissals
Philippine Supreme Court clarifies that employers, not employees, must secure a health authority certification to validly terminate on disease grounds.
Burden of Proof in Compensation Claims: Establishing Work Relatedness of Non-Occupational Diseases
Learn how the Supreme Court ruled on proving work-relatedness for non-occupational diseases in SSS compensation claims under PD 626.
Choosing the Right Appeal Route: Lessons from Taguinod v. Court of Appeals
A 2007 Philippine Supreme Court ruling clarifies appeal routes and the burden of proof in agrarian reform cases involving homestead patents.
Perfecting Land Titles THE Burden OF Proof AND Attorneys Duty IN Land Registration Cases
Voluntary Resignation vs Constructive Dismissal: What Philippine Employees Must Prove
When is a resignation forced? The Supreme Court clarifies the burden of proof in constructive dismissal cases under Philippine labor law.
Psychological Incapacity in Marriage Nullity: Burden of Proof and Evidence Rules
Philippine Supreme Court clarifies psychological incapacity evidence rules under Article 36 Family Code, including burden of proof and expert testimony requirements.
Disproving Forgery: Standards for Signature Comparison in Philippine Law
Philippine Supreme Court clarifies standards for comparing signatures to prove forgery, emphasizing timing, genuine specimens, and burden of proof.