Legal Insights
Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.
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Philippine Airlines v. Yañez: When Workplace Conduct Warrants Disciplinary Action
The Supreme Court clarifies when employers may discipline employees for creating a hostile work environment, even absent explicit sexual demands.
Tax Refund Claims: When Remittance Proof Isn't Required for Exempt Taxpayers
Philippine Airlines' tax refund case clarifies when proof of remittance is needed and how CTA reviews administrative claims.
Philippine Airlines v. Ligan: When Contracting Arrangements Hide Labor-Only Contracting
Supreme Court affirms that PAL illegally dismissed workers hired through a labor-only contractor, reinforcing security of tenure protections.
Illegal Dismissal: PAL's Duty to Prove Valid Retrenchment Explained
Philippine Airlines failed to prove valid retrenchment, making employee dismissals illegal. Learn the burden of proof employers must meet.
When Return-to-Work Orders Clash with Employee Rights: The Philippine Airlines Illegal Dismissal Case
A look at the Supreme Court's ruling on return-to-work orders, backwages, and the limits of reinstatement in illegal dismissal cases.
Salary Differentials and the Immutability of Judgments: Employee Rights After Illegal Demotion
Philippine Airlines v. Bichara clarifies when courts may adjust a final labor judgment due to supervening events, and the limits of execution.
Demotion Reversal: Salary Differentials Despite Retrenchment and Retirement
Philippine Airlines v. Bichara clarifies that a final judgment on illegal demotion entitles an employee to salary differentials, even after retrenchment and retirement.
Moral Damages for Illegal Suspension: Bad Faith and Due Process in Philippine Labor Law
Philippine Airlines v. Montinola: illegally suspended employees can recover moral and exemplary damages when the employer acts in bad faith or denies due process.
Tax Exemption and Franchise Rights: Philippine Airlines' Victory on Excise Taxes
The Supreme Court affirms PAL's excise tax exemption on commissary imports under PD 1590, explaining franchise tax rules.
Philippine Airlines TAX Exemption Upholding Franchise Rights Despite NET Losses
Philippine Airlines and the MCIT: Franchise Tax Exemptions Under PD 1590 Explained
The Supreme Court ruled PAL is exempt from the minimum corporate income tax under its franchise. Learn the reasoning.
Irrevocable Tax Options: Understanding the Finality of Choosing Between Tax Credit and Refund
Philippine Airlines' Supreme Court win clarifies when tax options become irrevocable and how franchise tax exemptions work.
Breach of Contract and Bad Faith: Airlines' Liability for Downgraded Seats
Philippine Airlines held liable for downgrading a passenger's business class seat to economy, with the Supreme Court affirming damages for breach of contract in bad faith.
Philippine Airlines Retrenchment: Proving Financial Distress and Fair Implementation
The Supreme Court ruled PAL's 1998 mass retrenchment illegal for failure to prove losses and use fair criteria. Here's what employers must show.
Beyond the Ticket: Passenger Rights and Emotional Distress Claims Against Airlines
Philippine Airlines v. Savillo clarifies when emotional distress claims against airlines fall outside the Warsaw Convention's two-year prescriptive period.
Labor-Only Contracting: Employee Rights and Employer Obligations in the Philippines
Philippine Airlines v. Ligan explains labor-only contracting rules, when workers become regular employees, and employer liability under Philippine law.
Rehabilitation Proceedings Suspension of Claims Against Corporations
Philippine Airlines v. PALEA clarifies how corporate rehabilitation automatically suspends all claims, including labor disputes, under PD 902-A.
Tax Exemptions for Philippine Airlines: Understanding the "In Lieu of All Other Taxes" Provision
The Supreme Court ruled that PAL's franchise tax option exempts it from all other taxes, including the 20% final withholding tax on bank deposits.
Upholding Termination: The Standard of Proof in Labor Cases Involving Employee Misconduct
Philippine Airlines vs. Tongson clarifies the substantial evidence standard employers must meet when dismissing employees for misconduct.
From Part-Time to Full-Time Regular Employment: Protecting Workers' Rights
Philippine Airlines v. Pascua clarifies when part-time workers become regular full-time employees entitled to complete benefits under Philippine labor law.
The Stay Order and Corporate Rehabilitation: Suspending Claims Against Distressed Companies
Explaining how the stay order in corporate rehabilitation suspends money claims against distressed companies, citing the Philippine Airlines case.
Due Process in Employee Dismissal: What Philippine Workers Should Know
The Supreme Court clarifies what procedural due process really means in employee dismissals, using a Philippine Airlines case as a guide.
Upholding Employers Right TO Dismiss FOR Fraud THE Philippine Airlines Case
When can an employer validly dismiss an employee for fraud? The Supreme Court's ruling in Philippine Airlines v. NLRC explains the standard.
When Circumstantial Evidence Justifies Dismissal for Fraud Against the Company
Philippine Airlines v. NLRC shows when circumstantial evidence suffices to prove employee fraud justifying dismissal for loss of trust.